D ata sheet concrete retaining walls concrete retaining walls provide a durable solution that is required of a structure in contact with soil and exposed to constant wetting and. Garamond, aldus, distiller, epaper, extreme, framemaker, illustrator, indesign, minion, myriad. Some easytoadopt retaining wall design ideas have been listed below. The intent is to give you an idea of the content, quality, and illustrations. The following worked examples have been prepared to illustrate the application of bs8002 to retaining wall design. Rubble retaining wall design pdf retaining wall design 10 edition th. Assume level backfill, no surcharge or seismic loading, active earth pressure and.
Council approval is often required for the design of retaining walls, when they are over a specified height, next to a boundary, or supporting a driveway or other structures. The computation of each static and dynamic pressure acting on retaining wall need more research and site selection is becoming codified. Examples of this include soil nail, soldier pile, cantilever sheet pile and anchored sheet pile walls. Retaining walls in theory and practice, a textbook for students. The ab stones provide a nominal setback of twelve degrees from vertical. For instance a retaining wall can be used to retain fill along a slope or it can be used to support a cut into a slope as illustrated in figure 1. Underpinning to be formed in continuous reinforced concrete. Design the reinforced concrete masonry cantilever retaining wall shown in figure 2.
Retaining walls are structures that support backfill and allow for a change of grade. A n beal earth retaining structures worked examples 1. Cantilever concrete retaining walls are commonly used for residential purposes, often as integral basement walls. Modes of failure as in all structural work, it is useful to look at the ways in which an mse wall might fail. Earth pressure p 8 earth pressure is the pressure exerted by the retaining material on the retaining wall. The basic design precepts employed in cantilever walls include considerations of dead man tiebacks, taking active pressures to the bottom of the wall and considering any reductions in passive resistance for inclined slopes. The book has a wealth of information on retaining walls but the material lacks a coherent structure. Here are a few illustrations of the most common types of failure. To change the height of a retaining wall in home designer pro open the plan in which you would like to add a retaining wall, or create a new plan by selecting file new plan. Whereas, if bracing is in front of the wall and is in compression instead of tension, the wall is called buttress retaining wall. This is not meant to be a final authority as each project has its own set of unique situations. Pdf a new design method for retaining walls in clay.
Ab engineering manual retaining walls allan block wall. The counterforts are spaced at intervals and act as tension members to support the stem. A n beal earth retaining structures worked examples 7 bs8002 bs8002 design table 1 soil saturated density 21. Special inspection is required as specified in the building code section 1704. It is not advisable to include the actual strength of the retaining wall. Worked examples of retaining wall design to bs8002 the following worked examples have been prepared to illustrate the application of bs8002 to retaining wall design. In this example, the structural design of the three retaining wall components is performed by hand. Can i get a retaining wall design example based on euro codes. What is the design procedure for gravity retaining wall. T ech n ote wsdot cae s upport april 2014 page 3 of 3 inroads wsdot retaining wall templates sometimes it is necessary to recreate points.
In such a case counterforts having trapezoidal section fixed at the base slab are provided at intervals of 1. Assume variation of water pressure below wall same as cp2 example. Other documents may provide more specific guidelines or rules for specialist structures and these may take precedence over this document. Worked example 1 design of cantilever pol retaining. Hence they provide a lateral support to vertical slopes of soil that would otherwise collapse into a more natural shape. They are composed of a light form of concrete that is further blended with aggregates to make the blocks sturdier. The safety factor against sliding minimum required f. In the numerical example height of stem is 3 m, yield strength of steel is 400 mpa, compressive strength of concrete is 25 mpa, elasticity modulus of steel is 200 gpa, specific. In home designer pro, a retaining walls height can be specified independent of the terrain by selecting and editing the wall in 3d views.
They are not full detailed calculations such as might be prepared for a real wall design but are limited to the calculation of earth pressure and bearing capacity, showing how the. Retaining walls are structure used to retain soil, rock or other materials in a vertical condition. Worked examples of retaining wall design to bs8002. Published by association for digital document standards adds pdfa. Make sure to check your local authoritys regulations prior to starting the design of your retaining wall. Assuming that the allowable bearing pressure of the soil is 120 knm 2, the. Foundation engineering retaining walls elements of retaining walls each retaining wall divided into three parts. Gravity walls depend upon bulk weight for stability, as opposed to a cantilevered retaining wall fixed to a foundation. Lateral forces on retaining wallsence 454 assakkaf design of retaining walls the design of retaining wall must account for all applied loads. In home designer pro, a retaining wall s height can be specified independent of the terrain by selecting and editing the wall in 3d views. Pro is one of the most widelyused software for developing and analyzing the designs of various structures, such as petrochemical plants, tunnels, bridges etc. Ce 437537, spring 2011 retaining wall design example 1 8 design a reinforced concrete retaining wall for the following conditions. Examples of this include cip cantilever, mse and modular block walls. Sketches of the retaining wall forces should be considered to properly distinguish the different forces acting on our retaining wall as tackled in the previous article, retaining wall.
Deflection generally governs design for cantilever walls more than 18 feet high. Table 1 provides the order of precedence for reference documents and engineering design standards, applicable to the detail design of the retaining walls on. There are different types of retaining walls, and not all require a building consent. The following design example briefly illustrates some of the basic steps used in the allowable stress design of a reinforced concrete masonry cantilever retaining wall. Retaining blocks are among the easiest of constructional elements used for building retaining walls.
Design and detailing of counterfort retaining wall when the height of the retaining wall exceeds about 6 m, the thickness of the stem and heel slab works out to be sufficiently large and the design becomes uneconomical. Cantilever rc retaining wall 10 knm2 m 500 mm h 400 0. Worked example 2 design of concrete cantilever retaining. The building act 2004 schedule 1, exempts some retaining walls including retaining walls built in rural zones. Education software downloads soilstructure retaining wall by soilstructure software and many more programs are available for instant and free download. Basics of retaining wall design 10 editionth a design guide for earth retaining structures contents at a glance. We believe that a twelve degree setback maximizes the leverage achieved by a battered wall, while providing a finished retaining wall that fulfills the goal of more useable flat land.
Additional standard layout attributes specific to blocklevel structure. A new design method for retaining walls in clay article pdf available in canadian geotechnical journal 4. Analysis of embedded retaining wall using the subgrade reaction method 61, 2 2 m x dx d w x ej 4, 3 3 t x dx d w x ej 5 where mx is the bending moment and tx is the shearing force. Usually the cantilever wall stem is of concrete block. For example, the fill points can get lost and combined with. Optimum design of cantilever reinforced concrete retaining.
Pro v8i, the latest version, allows civil engineering individuals to analyze structural designs in terms of factors like force. For design purposes, an equipment impact point load on the gravity block retaining wall face will be assumed at 30 inches 2. Methods applicable to the design of stiff tieback wall systems are illustrated by example. Wood shall not be employed in the construction of retaining walls. Active earth pressure or earth pressure pa and passive earth pressure p p. Precast concrete retaining wall systems, when manufactured and installed properly, will outperform and outlast systems consisting of competing materials. Worked example 2 design of concrete cantilever retaining walls to. Seismic design of retaining wall is considerably complicated problem in which assumptions have to be considered in order to make indeterminable issue solvable employing theory of statics and differential calculus. Retaining wall design design examples and construction. Most common materials used for retaining walls are. These walls are generally used when excavation room is. We believe that a twelve degree setback maximizes the leverage achieved by a battered wall, while providing a finished retaining wall that fulfills the. Design and analysis of retaining walls 2 economical when the wall height exceeds 8m. Suggest suitable dimensions for the rc retaining wall example 1.
Worked example to accompany mbie guidance on the seismic design of retaining structures for residential sites in greater christchurch version 2 november 2014. Concrete masonry reinforced cantilever retaining walls edition e3, may 20 isbn 0 909407 56 8. A n beal earth retaining structures worked examples. In order to apply the winkler model in the context of embedded retaining wall it is crucial to assume that in the range of the state. The contract documents and contract requirements are discussed in. Infill material the soil material placed behind the retaining wall facing. Worked example 1 design of cantilever pol retaining walls. For example 1, in fact, the results would be identical. Some of the many types of gravity retaining walls were described in chapter 1. Drainage material the crushed rock, gravel or similar material placed behind a retaining wall to convey ground water away from the wall and foundations. Design of the retaining wall structures on the m4 smart motorway. Worked example 1 version 3 design of cantilever pole retaining walls to resist earthquake loading for residential sites.
The load that presents the greatest problem and its primary concern is the lateral earth pressure induced by the retained soil. Example 1 retaining wall designs using retaining blocks. Retaining wall design example revised jim richardson. Application of lateral earth pressure theories to design rankine theory. The wall is braced top and bottom against lateral translation. Analysis of the stability of masonryfaced earth retaining walls trl. Ce 433, fall 2006 retaining wall design example 1 8 design a reinforced concrete retaining wall for the following conditions. Retaining walls in theory and practice, a textbook for. The approach is illustrated through an embedded sheet pile wall design example that has been used in literature for the evaluation of eurocode 7.
Cantilever retaining wall ouestion for the retaining wall and the profile shown below, calculate. This input is a variable that can range from 20 lbs. However, the book does explain the basics of retaining wall design and lists incredible supplementary resources at the end of each chapter. Cantilever or restrained retaining wall design calculations o r g a n iz a io n f. Figure 1 example of retaining walls retaining wall structures can be gravity type structures, semigravity.
157 1182 918 337 1498 202 297 747 458 459 1160 64 654 1453 779 1079 1525 98 593 1131 903 1640 305 1450 219 804 915 718 994 416 903 395 1047 75 373 437 830 451 381 1371 1385 768